10.6084/m9.figshare.12130962.v1 Anna Bazzicalupo Anna Bazzicalupo Yi-Hong Ke Yi-Hong Ke Joske Ruytinx Joske Ruytinx Laura Coninx Laura Coninx Jan V. Colpaert Jan V. Colpaert Nhu Nguyen Nhu Nguyen Rytas Vilgalys Rytas Vilgalys Sara Branco Sara Branco Fungal incipient local adaptation through allelic and copy-number variation TAGC 2020 2020 Polygenic adapation Population genomics Gene copy number variation Heavy Metal Polluted Soil Industrial areas Fungi Suillus luteus Evolutionary Biology Mycology Population, Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics 2020-04-20 23:50:34 Poster https://tagc2020.figshare.com/articles/poster/Fungal_incipient_local_adaptation_through_allelic_and_copy-number_variation/12130962 Human-altered environments can shape the evolution of organisms. Fungi are no exception,<br>though little is known about how they withstand anthropogenic pollution. Here, we document<br>incipient polygenic local adaptation in the mycorrhizal fungus <i>Suillus luteus</i> driven by recent soil<br>heavy metal contamination. Genome scans across individuals from recently polluted and nearby<br>unpolluted soils in Belgium revealed no evidence of population structure but detected allelic<br>divergence and gene copy number variation in genes involved in metal exclusion, storage,<br>immobilization, and reactive oxygen species detoxification. Standing genetic variation included<br>multiple alleles of small effects contributing to heavy metal tolerance, suggesting the existence<br>of different strategies to withstand contamination. These variants were shared across the whole<br>population but under selection in isolates exposed to pollution. Together, our results point to <i>S.<br>luteus</i> undergoing the initial steps of adaptive divergence and contribute to understanding the<br>processes underlying local adaptation under strong environmental selection.